Language name: MANDARIN
UPSID number: 2500
Alternate name(s):
Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic
This language has 32 segments
Its Frequency index is 0.318251109 (average percentage of segments; 0.1: many very rare segments; 0.39: average; 0.7: many common segments)
The language has these sounds: p ph "t "th k kh "ts "tsh cC f "s t.s t.sh s. z. C X m n N "l i y a u o(+ j wj w a. cCh "@.
Comment: Mandarin is spoken in all of north of Changjiang River, a belt south of the Changjian from Qiujiang (Jiangxi) to Zhenjiang (jiangsu), Hubei except the southeastern corner Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, the northwestern part of Guangxi and the northwestern corner of Hunan.
Source(s): Chao, Y-R. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Cheng, C-C. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Mouton, The Hague.
Dow, F.D.M. 1972. An Outline of Mandarin Phonetics. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra.
(Hanyu Fangyan Gaiyao) 1960. [Outline of Chinese Dialects]. Wenzi Gaige Chubanshe, Beijing.
Karllgren, B. 1915-26. Etudes sur la phonologie Chinoise. Archives d'Etudes Orientales 15: 294-297.

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